: any of several elementary particles that are postulated to come in pairs (as in the up and down varieties) of similar mass with one member having a charge of +²/₃ and the other a charge of −¹/₃ and are held to make up hadrons

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If you were a physics major, chances are that James Joyce didn’t make it onto your syllabus. While literature majors are likely more familiar with his work, Joyce has a surprising tie to physics. In the early 1960s, American physicist Murray Gell-Man came up with the word quork, which he used to refer to his concept of an elementary particle smaller than a proton or neutron (by his own account he was in the habit of using names like “squeak” and “squork” for peculiar objects). He later settled on the spelling quark after reading a line from James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake: “Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he has not got much of a bark / And sure any he has it’s all beside the mark.” The name stuck and has been used by physicists ever since.

Examples of quark in a Sentence

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The heaviest of these is the top quark, possessing around the same mass as a gold atom (about 173 giga-electronvolts). Robert Lea, Space.com, 21 Feb. 2025 Researchers might be able to confirm this possibility by making complementary measurements of EDMs in other particles built from quarks where the coupling is likely to be different. Luke Caldwell, Scientific American, 1 Feb. 2024 This has revealed for the first time that quarks and gluons, the building blocks of protons, experience the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. Robert Lea, Space.com, 7 Jan. 2025 That explosion of energy converts itself into a quark and antiquark pair. Henry Carnell, Quanta Magazine, 10 Jan. 2025 See All Example Sentences for quark

Word History

Etymology

coined by Murray Gell-Mann

First Known Use

1964, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of quark was in 1964

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Cite this Entry

“Quark.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quark. Accessed 13 Mar. 2025.

Kids Definition

quark

noun
: any of several particles that are believed to be components of heavier particles (as protons or neutrons)

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