Rhymes with stripped-down

WordSyllablesCategories
minimal
/xx
Adjective, Noun
minimum
/xx
Noun, Noun, Adjective
stripped
/
Adjective, Adjective
bulletproof
/xx
Adjective, Verb
sorta
/x
Adverb
no
/
Noun, Adverb, Adjective
literally
/xxx
Adverb
milestone
/x
Noun, Verb
anymore
xx/
Adverb
expression
x/x
Noun
stonewall
/x
Name, Verb, Adjective
shirtless
/x
Adjective