cataract

noun

cat·​a·​ract ˈka-tə-ˌrakt 

1

[Middle English, from Middle French or Medieval Latin; Middle French catharacte, from Medieval Latin cataracta, from Latin, portcullis] : a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent membrane that obstructs the passage of light

2

a

obsolete : waterspout

b

: waterfall

especially : a large one over a precipice

c

: steep rapids in a river

the cataracts of the Nile

d

: downpour, flood

cataracts of rain

cataracts of information

cataractous

ˌka-tə-ˈrak-təs 

adjective

Did you know?

Cataract dates to the 14th century and comes from the Latin word cataracta, meaning "portcullis." The Latin pertains to the ocular cataract, probably because it obstructs one's vision much like the portcullis's heavy iron grating obstructs passage into a fortress or castle. Cataracta has another meaning, however—"waterfall"—and that meaning gave English the water-related meanings that came in later centuries. The connection between the two Latin meanings can be seen in katarassein, the Greek source of cataracta. It means "to dash down," an action we see in both the slamming portcullis and the cascading waterfall.

Synonyms

• cascade
• fall(s)
• waterfall

Examples of cataract in a Sentence

the roaring cataract is one of the park's most majestic sights

in spring the melting snows usually produce a cataract that inundates the valley

Recent Examples on the Web

The treatment for cataracts is cataract removal, which helps 90% of patients who have the surgery see better.23 2. —Vanessa Caceres, Verywell Health, 21 Nov. 2024

Free eye surgery saves 7-year-old boy's vision Mamadou, who was born with bilateral cataracts, received surgery from the charity Mercy Ships, preventing his impending blindness and greatly improving his quality of life. —Melissa Rudy, Fox News, 13 Oct. 2024

Researchers believe that eating more dietary vitamin C (as opposed to taking supplements) may lower the risk of developing cataracts, but more research is necessary to confirm this.2 Another antioxidant found in butternut squash, vitamin E, may also prevent and treat early AMD. —Isabel Vasquez Rd Ldn, Health, 25 Sep. 2024

Located in the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs the majority of the sun's high-energy UV radiation, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts and other health issues in humans, as well as harm animals and plants. —Brandi D. Addison, Austin American-Statesman, 28 June 2024

Word History

Etymology

Latin cataracta waterfall, portcullis, from Greek kataraktēs, from katarassein to dash down, from kata- + arassein to strike, dash

First Known Use

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

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Kids Definition

cataract

noun

cat·​a·​ract ˈkat-ə-ˌrakt 

1

: a clouding of the lens of the eye or of the transparent cover around it that blocks the passage of light

2

a

: a large waterfall

b

: a sudden rush like a waterfall : flood

Medical Definition

cataract

noun

cat·​a·​ract ˈkat-ə-ˌrakt 

: a clouding of the lens of the eye or its surrounding transparent membrane that obstructs the passage of light