You know what it looks like… but what is it called?
TAKE THE QUIZ“tree theory”
We have one entry that includes the term tree theory.
family-tree theory
noun: a theory in linguistics: at various periods branches (as Germanic) sprang from a parent language (as Indo-European) and subsequently forked into subbranches (as West Germanic, North Germanic) that later split up into the various modern languages (as English, German, Swedish) compare wave theory
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Merriam-Webster unabridged