superfluous

adjective

su·​per·​flu·​ous su̇-ˈpər-flü-əs How to pronounce superfluous (audio)
1
a
: exceeding what is sufficient or necessary : extra
b
: not needed : unnecessary
2
obsolete : marked by wastefulness : extravagant
superfluously adverb
superfluousness noun

Did you know?

If, say, you were to go chasing waterfalls in addition to the rivers and the lakes that you’re used to, such a pursuit would be superfluous. In other words, you would be exceeding what is necessary to satisfy your need for water-based enjoyment and recreation. “You’ve already got rivers and lakes,” your friends might advise with a bit of TLC, “just stick to them!” “Extra water” is also key to understanding the history of the word superfluous, which entered Middle English from the Latin adjective superfluus, meaning literally “running over.” Superfluus, in turn, comes from the verb superfluere (“to overflow”), which combines the prefix super- (meaning “over”) and fluere, “to flow.” In addition to influencing superfluous, fluere also flowed into the English words affluent, influence, and fluid, among others.

Examples of superfluous in a Sentence

In the Imagist model, the writer is a sculptor. Technique consists of chipping away everything superfluous in order to reveal the essential form within. "It took you ninety-seven words to do it," Pound is reported to have remarked to a young literary aspirant who had handed him a new poem. "I find it could have been managed in fifty-six." Louis Menand, New Yorker, 9 & 16 June 2008
Oddly, despite the preponderance of superfluous words, the book has no glossary, which is a must for an introductory audience. Dorothy Merritts, Eos, 3 Oct. 2000
Twenty years ago, baby boomers were written about as if every one of them had as a life goal making enough money to accumulate the same superfluous material objects that everyone else had. Calvin Trillin, Time, 6 Sept. 1999
cleared off all the superfluous stuff on his desk to make room for the new computer
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Other than a briefcase to carry important documents, anything superfluous could be tucked into a nice, roomy suit; or, better yet, given to one’s secretary to handle. Brett F. Braley-Palko, Forbes, 1 Mar. 2025 The most superfluous story line in the present comes courtesy of Tai and Van. Erin Qualey, Vulture, 21 Feb. 2025 The result is that vital activities are being hastily cut alongside superfluous ones. Dan Perry, Newsweek, 19 Feb. 2025 With his trademark narrative economy, the writer-director elides any trace of superfluous exposition, briskly establishing what’s at stake for both of his main characters and then continually turning the screws to up those stakes. David Rooney, The Hollywood Reporter, 15 Feb. 2025 See All Example Sentences for superfluous

Word History

Etymology

Middle English, from Latin superfluus, literally, running over, from superfluere to overflow, from super- + fluere to flow — more at fluid

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of superfluous was in the 15th century

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Cite this Entry

“Superfluous.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/superfluous. Accessed 6 Mar. 2025.

Kids Definition

superfluous

adjective
su·​per·​flu·​ous su̇-ˈpər-flə-wəs How to pronounce superfluous (audio)
: going beyond what is enough or necessary : extra
superfluously
su̇-ˈpər-flə-wəs-lē
adverb
Etymology

Middle English superfluous "more than is needed," from Latin superfluus, literally, "running over," from superfluere "to overflow," from super- "over, in addition," and fluere "to flow" — related to fluid

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