reference

1 of 3

noun

ref·​er·​ence ˈre-fərn(t)s How to pronounce reference (audio)
ˈre-f(ə-)rən(t)s
1
: the act of referring or consulting
2
: a bearing on a matter : relation
in reference to your recent letter
3
: something that refers: such as
b
: something (such as a sign or indication) that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information (such as a book or passage)
c
: consultation of sources of information
4
: one referred to or consulted: such as
a
: a person to whom inquiries as to character or ability can be made
b
: a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with the person
c(1)
: a source of information (such as a book or passage) to which a reader or consulter is referred
(2)
: a work (such as a dictionary or encyclopedia) containing useful facts or information

reference

2 of 3

adjective

: used or usable for reference
especially : constituting a standard for measuring or constructing

reference

3 of 3

verb

referenced; referencing

transitive verb

1
a
: to supply with references
b
: to cite in or as a reference
2
: to put in a form (such as a table) adapted to easy reference

Examples of reference in a Sentence

Noun references to an earlier event The numbers were calculated by reference to the most recent census. Reference to a map will make the position clear. She listed her former teacher as a reference when she applied for the job. Her former teacher gave her a reference when she applied for the job. Her teacher gave her a letter of reference. Adjective a list of reference materials Verb The book references many other authors who have written on this topic.
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Noun
While there are no direct references, the premise draws inspiration from Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce’s romance. Catherine Santino, People.com, 20 Nov. 2024 When Willis crosses path with the star detectives, Turner (Sullivan Jones) and Green (Lisa Gilroy) — yes, the show-within-a-show’s title is a reference to their races — the entire vibe shifts. Alison Herman, Variety, 19 Nov. 2024
Adjective
The gallery’s wall configuration, which has been fixed for quite some time, has now been opened up in refreshingly spacious ways that allow a viewer to visually cross-reference paintings. Christopher Knight, Los Angeles Times, 19 Nov. 2022 This is despite progress; many country national climate action plans now cross-reference gender, and country delegations include more women. Catherine McKenna, Scientific American, 8 Nov. 2022
Verb
Hamlin pointedly referenced Kyle Larson's standout 2024 season, where Larson secured six victories—more than any other driver—yet failed to advance to the coveted Championship 4. Thomas G. Moukawsher, Newsweek, 5 Nov. 2024 The second hashtag also referenced the former President calling out Barack Obama for wearing a tan suit in 2014 and Harris doing the same at the Democratic National Convention in August. Armon Sadler, VIBE.com, 5 Nov. 2024 See all Example Sentences for reference 

Word History

First Known Use

Noun

1579, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Adjective

1730, in the meaning defined above

Verb

1876, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of reference was in 1579

Dictionary Entries Near reference

Cite this Entry

“Reference.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reference. Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.

Kids Definition

reference

1 of 2 noun
ref·​er·​ence ˈref-ərn(t)s How to pronounce reference (audio)
ˈref-(ə-)rən(t)s
1
: the act of referring
2
: a relation to or concern with something : respect
with reference to what was said
3
a
: a remark referring to something : allusion
made reference to our agreement
b
: a sign or indication referring a reader to another book or portion of a written work
c
: use as sources of information
volumes for ready reference
4
a
: a person to whom questions as to another person's honesty or ability can be addressed
b
: a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with them
c
: a book, document, or portion of a written work to which a reader is referred

reference

2 of 2 adjective
: used or usable for reference
a reference point

Medical Definition

reference

1 of 2 adjective
ref·​er·​ence ˈref-(ə-)rən(t)s How to pronounce reference (audio)
: of known potency and used as a standard in the biological assay of a sample of the same drug of unknown strength
a dose of reference cod-liver oil

reference

2 of 2

Legal Definition

reference

noun
ref·​er·​ence ˈre-frəns, -fə-rəns How to pronounce reference (audio)
1
: an act of referring
specifically : mention or citation of one document (as a statute) in another
a municipality may adopt by reference all or a part of this title Alaska Statutes
see also incorporate
2
: a referral especially to a legislative committee or master
also : an order referring a matter to a master
the extent to which any party is more responsible than other parties for the reference to a master Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 53(g)

More from Merriam-Webster on reference

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