polio

noun

po·​lio ˈpō-lē-ˌō 

: an infectious disease especially of young children that is caused by the poliovirus

Note: Individuals infected with the poliovirus are often asymptomatic. In approximately 25% of cases, polio presents as a mild to moderate illness marked by headache, fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. Polio affects the central nervous system only infrequently with inflammation and sometimes destruction of the motor neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain stem. Central nervous system involvement results in temporary or permanent muscle weakness or motor paralysis especially of the limbs and typically the legs. Polio may become life-threatening when paralysis affects the muscles involved in breathing and swallowing.

And the dreaded disease polio was virtually eliminated in 1955 when the Salk vaccine was approved for public use.

—Mary Beth Norton et al.

The longstanding quest to eradicate polio is attracting a new injection of funds from donors around the world, as health leaders grapple with obstacles from ridding conflict areas of the virus to a shortage of vaccine.

—Betsy McKay

called also infantile paralysis, poliomyelitis

see post-polio syndrome

polio-like

ˈpō-lē-ˌō-ˌlīk 

adjective

or poliolike

a polio-like disease

polio-like paralysis

Examples of polio in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

Israeli officials have not commented on the pause of the polio vaccination campaign. —Mary Kekatos, ABC News, 30 Oct. 2024

The agency has also helped implement an emergency polio vaccination campaign in Gaza, alongside other UN bodies, in a bid to stop the infectious virus that can cause paralysis from spreading. —Nadeen Ebrahim and Salma Arafa, CNN, 28 Oct. 2024

By late August, UNICEF had successfully rushed 1.2 million doses of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) to the Gaza Strip. —Sarah Ferguson, Forbes, 24 Oct. 2024

The enclave’s infrastructure and basic services have been almost completely destroyed, allowing for deadly diseases like polio to spread, and the threat of famine hangs over the population. —David Hodari, NBC News, 16 Oct. 2024

Word History

Etymology

short for poliomyelitis

First Known Use

1911, in the meaning defined above

Phrases Containing polio

• polio virus
• post-polio syndrome

Kids Definition

polio

noun

po·​lio ˈpō-lē-ˌō 

: poliomyelitis

Medical Definition

polio

noun

po·​lio ˈpō-lē-ˌō 

: an infectious disease especially of young children that is caused by the poliovirus

Note: Individuals infected with the poliovirus are often asymptomatic. In approximately 25% of cases, polio presents as a mild to moderate illness marked by headache, fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. Polio affects the central nervous system only infrequently with inflammation and sometimes destruction of the motor neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain stem. Central nervous system involvement results in temporary or permanent muscle weakness or flaccid paralysis of muscles especially of the limbs and typically the legs. Polio may become life-threatening when paralysis affects the muscles involved in breathing and swallowing.

Thanks to the Salk and Sabin vaccines, the specter of crippling polio that once made summers an apprehensive time for Americans has long since passed.

—People Weekly

While the last case of naturally occurring polio in the United States was in 1979, the disease remains prevalent in other areas of the world.

—Evan Johnson, The Addison County (Vermont) Independent

called also infantile paralysis, poliomyelitis

see post-polio syndrome