monoclonal antibody

noun

plural monoclonal antibodies

: an antibody that is derived from the clone of a single B cell and that is produced in large quantities of identical cells possessing affinity for the same epitope on a specific antigen (as a cancer cell)

Note: Monoclonal antibodies are typically used in immunotherapy (such as in the treatment of autoimmune or inflammatory disorders and cancer), diagnostic testing, and cell identification and tracing. Hybridoma cell lines are typically employed to produce an unlimited supply of monoclonal antibodies.

Researchers studying this and other cancers have long sought to use monoclonal antibodies—biological molecules that bind only to particular target cells—to attack tumors directly or to shuttle toxins selectively to cancer cells.

—R. Weiss

The ideal immunosuppressive monoclonal antibody would be one that abrogates responses to a defined antigen and preserves responses to all others.

—Thomas A. Waldmann

The drug, which would be given by intravenous infusion every four weeks, is a monoclonal antibody that tamps down the immune system …

—Andrew Pollack

—abbreviation Mab, mAb, MAB, mab

Examples of monoclonal antibody in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

The drug is a monoclonal antibody administered through an IV infusion that targets amyloid plaque in the brain and has been shown in clinical trials to modestly slow memory decline in people with Alzheimer’s disease. —Cindy Krischer Goodman, Sun Sentinel, 10 Dec. 2024

Preventative measures are available, including vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. —Chris Stokel-Walker, WIRED, 4 Oct. 2024

An injectable monoclonal antibody tailored for cats has recently been developed to neutralize excessive nerve growth factor, but other alternative treatment options like supplements and regenerative medicine have yet to be tested. —Jennifer Ouellette, Ars Technica, 27 Sep. 2024

For example, the U.S. is at the moment without commercially available monoclonal antibodies against the virus. —Bruce Y. Lee, Forbes, 2 Dec. 2024

Word History

First Known Use

1967, in the meaning defined above

Medical Definition

monoclonal antibody

noun

: an antibody that is derived from the clone of a single B cell and that is produced in large quantities of identical cells possessing affinity for the same epitope on a specific antigen (as a cancer cell)

Note: Monoclonal antibodies are typically used in immunotherapy (such as in the treatment of autoimmune or inflammatory disorders and cancer), diagnostic testing, and cell identification and tracing. Hybridoma cell lines are typically employed to produce an unlimited supply of monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies have largely been applied clinically to the diagnosis and therapy of cancer and the modulation of the immune response to produce immunosuppression for treatment of autoimmune and graft versus host diseases (GVHD) and for prevention of allograft rejection.

—Thomas A. Walmann, Science

Monoclonal antibodies can distinguish and single out a specific protein from the other molecules around it. Monoclonal antibodies are versatile and can assist in the identification, tracking, and alteration of specific proteins.

—Maryann Bozzette, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing

—abbreviation MAb, mAb, MAB, mab