imperialism

noun

im·​pe·​ri·​al·​ism im-ˈpir-ē-ə-ˌli-zəm 

1

see usage paragraph below : the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas

… late nineteenth-century imperialism was constituted through and legitimized by a set of complex discourses that exoticized others and positioned European states as better than and often obligated to "assist" those others through political, cultural, and economic interventions.

—Mona Domosh

… World War II, when powers like the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands were looking at the end of their globe-spanning empires, while simultaneously seeing the expansion of imperialism in countries like Japan.

—George Yang

broadly : the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence

… as the Hollywood movies had already proved, American cultural imperialism was not only too big to fight, it was too seductive to ignore.

—Clive James

2

: imperial government, power, or authority: an imperial system

ancient Roman imperialism

imperialist

im-ˈpir-ē-ə-list 

noun or adjective

imperialistic

im-ˌpir-ē-ə-ˈli-stik 

adjective

imperialistically

im-ˌpir-ē-ə-ˈli-sti-k(ə-)lē 

adverb

Usage of Colonialism and Imperialism

In contexts dealing with the domination of a people or area by a foreign power, colonialism and imperialism are often used together with no real distinction in meaning. Used separately, however, each of these words can take on a slightly different emphasis. Colonialism comes from colony, and tends to be applied in contexts addressing the effects that colonialism has on the lives of those living in colonies. Imperialism is closely related to empire and therefore tends to place more emphasis on the ruling power and its intent to expand its dominion, as well as on the expanded empire itself, with its distinct parts subsumed under the banner of the dominating force.

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Linguistic Roots of Imperialism

The original meaning of imperialism was a simple one: "imperial government," that is, empire in the classical sense (such as existed in ancient Rome, China, and Greece). In more recent times, imperialism has become synonymous with western hegemony in Africa and Asia from the 18th through the 20th centuries and with the spreading cultural influence of the United States. Formerly implying military and governmental dominance, the word today is often invoked in a wider variety of contexts, such as cultural imperialism, media imperialism, and economic imperialism. And while there has been considerable debate about the net effects of western dominance in other parts of the world, in its current use, imperialism often carries a negative connotation.

Examples of imperialism in a Sentence

British imperialism created the enormous British Empire.

Recent Examples on the Web

Whereas neoclassical economics presented itself as a universally applicable science based on certain fundamental axioms, Dobb emphasized history, class conflict, and imperialism. —John Cassidy, The New Yorker, 2 Nov. 2024

Hezbollah has issued manifestos and open letters since its early years declaring Israel a vanguard of U.S. imperialism and calling for the total destruction of the Jewish state. —Timothy Nerozzi, Washington Examiner - Political News and Conservative Analysis About Congress, the President, and the Federal Government, 26 Oct. 2024

Over the next four years, its manpower and industrial might enabled the forces of democracy to end the threat of German Nazism in Europe and Japanese imperialism in the Pacific. —Carl Leubsdorf, The Mercury News, 25 Oct. 2024

While he is still admired for his conservation efforts and progressive reforms while in office, his belief in a racial hierarchy and staunch imperialism continue to spark ongoing debate. —Peter Zablocki, Smithsonian Magazine, 16 Oct. 2024

Word History

Etymology

imperial entry 1 + -ism

First Known Use

1684, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Phrases Containing imperialism

• anti-imperialism

Kids Definition

imperialism

noun

im·​pe·​ri·​al·​ism im-ˈpir-ē-ə-ˌliz-əm 

: the actions by which one nation is able to control other usually smaller or weaker nations

imperialist

-ē-ə-ləst 

noun or adjective

imperialistic

im-ˌpir-ē-ə-ˈlis-tik 

adjective

imperialistically

-ti-k(ə-)lē 

adverb