calamity

noun

ca·​lam·​i·​ty kə-ˈla-mə-tē 

plural calamities

1

: a disastrous event marked by great loss and lasting distress and suffering

calamities of nature

an economic calamity

2

: a state of deep distress or misery caused by major misfortune or loss

Synonyms

• apocalypse
• cataclysm
• catastrophe
• debacle
• débâcle
• disaster
• tragedy

Examples of calamity in a Sentence

Twenty two years passed. Twenty-two years of excellent health and the boundless self-assurance that flows from being fit—twenty-two years spared the adversary that is illness and the calamity that waits in the wings. —Phillip Roth, Everyman, 2006

A resentment born of the suspicion that all along the media were up to their usual tricks, hyping a national calamity to the max in order to make us buy more copies and tune into TV specials … —Christopher Buckley, Time, 29 Nov. 1999

In the wake of this year's unending calamities, there has been renewed discussion of the need for an international rapid deployment force that can kick down doors to help victims of disasters. —Kathleen Hunt, New York Times Magazine, 28 July 1991

floods, earthquakes, and other calamities

He predicted calamity for the economy.

Recent Examples on the Web

Despite certain calamities — like the Great Recession or the tech bubble of the early 2000s — the S&P 500 has turned into a long-term, compounding machine. —Bret Kenwell, Forbes, 28 Oct. 2024

Patrick Crusius worried that Texas — hot and dry and facing climate calamity — was being overrun by immigrants. —Abrahm Lustgarten, ProPublica, 19 Oct. 2024

The issue is that the disaster fund has already been partly depleted from dealing with earlier calamities, including floods, tornadoes, and wildfires. —John Cassidy, The New Yorker, 14 Oct. 2024

As if hurricanes aren't bad enough, the government is warning of another calamity that's expected to hit soon — one that will likely reach every corner of our country: Disaster fraud scams. —Tresa Baldas, Detroit Free Press, 8 Oct. 2024

Word History

Etymology

Middle English calamytey, borrowed from Middle French & Latin; Middle French calamité, borrowed from Latin calamitāt-, calamitās "disaster, misfortune, military defeat," going back to an unattested adjective *calamo- or *calami-, presumably, "injured, affected by misfortune or defeat" + -tāt-, -tās -TY; *calamo-/*calami- perhaps going back to Indo-European *kl̥h₂-em-o/i-, adjective derivative from a verbal base *kelh₂- "hit, strike" — more at clastic

Note: Later Roman writers associated calamitās by folk etymology with calamus "reed, cane," taking it to literally mean "plague affecting crops." A negated form of the Latin adjective underlying calamitās can be seen in the word incolumis "unharmed, safe and sound, undamaged," going back to *enkalamis. (The second -a- was presumably weakened to -i- and then backed and rounded to -u- before a labial consonant, with the first -a-, now in the second syllable, reducing and rounding to -o- before velar l.) Initial -aCa- in calamitās, rather than -aCi- by vowel weakening, is most likely the result of the so-called alacer rule, by which a short vowel in an open medial syllable retains its quality if it is identical to the vowel of the initial syllable (the word alacer "brisk, lively" exemplifying the rule—compare allegro entry 2).

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Kids Definition

calamity

noun

ca·​lam·​i·​ty kə-ˈlam-ət-ē 

plural calamities

1

: deep distress or misery

2

: an event that causes great harm