peer-to-peer

adjective

ˌpir-tə-ˈpir 

1

: relating to, using, or being a network by which computers operated by individuals can share information and resources directly without relying on a dedicated central server (see server sense 6)

In peer-to-peer computing, every client can be a server. You string together two or more computers, and everyone can share files, programs, drives …, printers, and anything else that's attached.

—Steve Bass

2

: existing or done between peers

In 2010, the Texas National Guard implemented its peer-to-peer counseling initiative, and since then more than 800 National Guard troops have been trained to identify warning signs of mental distress and refer soldiers for more intensive care.

—Jeremy Schwartz

George Washington's resident advisers are undergraduates who live in student housing so they can have informal, peer-to-peer mentoring relationships with other undergraduates, to whom they serve as role models.

—Peter Schmidt

Did you know?

The term peer-to-peer is a relatively recent addition to the English language, being little more than a half-century old. In its earliest known uses from the 1960s, it referred to something that occurs directly between human peers, people who are similar in age, grade, or status. It can still be found in this use in phrases such as "peer-to-peer tutoring." With the emergence of computer networking, peer-to-peer began to be used in reference to a system of computers that are able to communicate directly with one another without the mediation of a centralized server. Since the turn of the 21st century, peer-to-peer lending—the borrowing and lending of money through online services—has become increasingly common. You might also encounter peer-to-peer in the techy abbreviated form P2P, as in "P2P networking."

Examples of peer-to-peer in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

And now there's much more peer-to-peer or external influences that people are listening to. —Eleanor Hawkins, Axios, 30 Jan. 2025

The social media site is teaming up with Visa to allow X users to move funds between traditional bank accounts and their digital wallet, as well as make instant peer-to-peer payments, like with Zelle or Venmo. —Michele Luhn, CNBC, 29 Jan. 2025

The latest promotion also comes as JetBlue rolled out the ability to pay for flights with Venmo, the popular peer-to-peer payment app. —Stella Shon, Travel + Leisure, 28 Jan. 2025

Create opportunities for peer-to-peer learning where users can learn best practices from real-world use cases and idea-sharing. —Shirin Ali, Forbes, 22 Jan. 2025

Word History

First Known Use

1963, in the meaning defined at sense 2

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