dinoflagellate

noun

di·​no·​fla·​gel·​late ˌdī-nō-ˈfla-jə-lət 

-ˌlāt;

-flə-ˈje-lət 

: any of an order (Dinoflagellata) of chiefly marine planktonic usually solitary unicellular phytoflagellates that include luminescent forms, forms important in marine food chains, and forms causing red tide

Examples of dinoflagellate in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

The dinoflagellates known as Lingulodinium polyedra use bioluminescence to avoid predators by either scaring off hungry sea creatures or calling attention to their location, which draws the predators’ predators, experts have said. —Grace Toohey, Los Angeles Times, 22 Oct. 2024

The phenomenon is caused by a chemical reaction that occurs inside microorganisms called dinoflagellates, similar to the light inside fireflies' tails. —Melissa Locker, Travel + Leisure, 25 Apr. 2024

The spectacle, often caused by a bloom of bioluminescent phytoplankton, such as dinoflagellates, has many asking why organisms would risk burning energy trying to produce such captivating light in the first place. —Scott Travers, Forbes, 29 Feb. 2024

Based on the dinoflagellates, the team was able to recreate a climate timeline for Roman Italy. —Sarah Kuta, Smithsonian Magazine, 30 Jan. 2024

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from New Latin Dinoflagellatum, presumed singular of Dinoflagellata, order name, from dino- (in Dinophysis, Peridinium and the genus names of other protists having a second flagellum in a transverse groove; borrowed from Greek dīn-, in dīneîn "to whirl, spin about," dī́nē "whirlpool, eddy," dînos "whirling, rotation, eddy," probably originally a verbal base, of obscure origin) + Flagellata, former order name, from neuter plural of flagellātum flagellate entry 2

Note: The name was introduced in the 1880's by the German zoologist Otto Bütschli (1848-1920); in his paper "Einige Bemerkungen über gewisse Organisationsverhältnisse der sog. Cilioflagellaten und der Noctiluca," Morphologisches Jahrbuch, 10. Band (1885), pp. 529-77, Bütschli suggests the name as an alternative to Cilioflagellata, on the grounds that the girdle of cilia thought to characterize these protists is actually a flagellum fit inside a transverse groove: "In any case the need arises to exchange the name Cilioflagellata for another, as it rests on a really incorrect conception of its structure … I can also not recommend Stein's designation as the arthrodelous ['clearly jointed'] Flagellata, and I would hence like to propose the name Dinoflagellata, which at once calls to mind the earlier name Cilioflagellata in a certain respect, and then as well expresses the most characteristic peculiarities of the typical forms, that is, the formation of a transverse groove storing a flagellum." ("Jedenfalls wird sich aber die Nothwendigkeit ergeben, die Bezeichnung Cilioflagellaten mit einer anderen zu vertauschen, da sie auf einer tathsächlich unrichtigen Auffassung des Baues beruht … Mit Stein die Cilioflagellaten als arthrodele Flagellaten zu bezeichnen, halte ich auch nicht für empfehlenswerth und möchte daher vorschlagen, die Bezeichnung Dinoflagellata zu gebrauchen, welche einmal in gewisser Hinsicht an den früheren Namen Cilioflagellaten erinnert und dann die für die typischen Formen charakteristischste Eigenthümlichkeit, nämlich die Ausbildung der Querfurche mit der eingelagerten Geissel zum Ausdruck bringt.") Bütschli does not state explicitly why he chose dino-, though it most likely simply reflects the use of the form in genus names of protists possessing the second flagellum. The zoologist E. Ray Lankester, in the article on Protozoa for the ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1885), suggests in a discussion of Dinoflagellata that the allusion is to "Gr. dinos, the round area where oxen tread out on a threshing floor"—though this seems somewhat speculative and the relevance of dínos to a particular feature of the organism is not evident.

First Known Use

1901, in the meaning defined above

Kids Definition

dinoflagellate

noun

di·​no·​flag·​el·​late

ˌdī-nō-ˈflaj-ə-lət,

-ˌlāt

: any of an order of chiefly marine single-celled floating organisms that resemble both algae and protozoa and are important in marine food chains

Medical Definition

dinoflagellate

noun

di·​no·​fla·​gel·​late ˌdī-nō-ˈflaj-ə-lət  -ˌlāt 

-flə-ˈjel-ət

: any of division or phylum (Dinoflagellata) of chiefly marine, planktonic, unicellular protists that include luminescent forms, forms important in marine food chains, and forms causing red tide