Betelgeuse

noun

Be·​tel·​geuse ˈbē-tᵊl-ˌjüs  ˈbe- 

-ˌjüz

: a variable red supergiant star of the first magnitude near the eastern shoulder of Orion

Examples of Betelgeuse in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

Another celestial reminder of Valentine’s is the bright star Betelgeuse, the second-brightest star in the constellation Orion the Hunter. —Mike Lynch, Twin Cities, 9 Feb. 2025

Above the Belt and to the left is Orion's right shoulder, the bright and ruddy Betelgeuse. —Jesse Emspak, Space.com, 29 Jan. 2025

Don't confuse it with Betelgeuse, the brightest star in the constellation Orion, which is to the right of Mars. —Jamie Carter, Forbes, 16 Jan. 2025

Red Supergiant Stars Many of the stars in the Dragon Arc are red supergiants, similar to Betelgeuse in the constellation of Orion and Aldebaran in Taurus, both of which are visible now in the eastern night sky immediately after sunset. —Jamie Carter, Forbes, 6 Jan. 2025

Procyon, Sirius and Betelgeuse in Orion form the Winter Triangle asterism that is easy to see even from light-polluted locations in cities and suburbs. —Jesse Emspak, Space.com, 27 Dec. 2024

There’s Orion, with its obvious Orion’s Belt of three bright stars rising vertically, with blue Rigel and reddish Betelgeuse on either side. —Jamie Carter, Forbes, 23 Dec. 2024

Made up of Sirius in the constellation Canis Major, Procyon in the constellation Canis Minor and Betelgeuse in the constellation Orion, this celestial triangle often features prominently in the winter sky. —Denise Chow, NBC News, 13 Dec. 2024

The celestial triangle is made up of Sirius in the constellation of Canis Major, Procyon in the constellation of Canis Minor and Betelgeuse in the constellation of Orion. —Denise Chow, NBC News, 7 Dec. 2024

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from New Latin Betelgeuze, Betelgeuse, etymologizing reinterpretation of Medieval Latin Beldelgenze (with n mistakenly for u), stemming from a misreading of Arabic yad al-jawzāʼ "hand of Orion"

Note: Among several Arabic names for the reddish variable star in the shoulder of the constellation Orion is yad al-jawzāʼ, "hand (or arm) of Orion," recorded in the Book of Fixed Stars by the 10th-century Persian astronomer ʻAbd al-Raḥman al-Ṣūfī. The word jawzāʼ (perhaps a derivative of jawz "center, middle") was originally a name for Gemini, but applied also to Orion after Arabic astronomy incorporated Ptolemaic star nomenclature. The phrase yad al-jawzāʼ underwent a curious transformation in the Latin edition of the Alfonsine Tables (a set of astronomical tables compiled by order of the Castilian king Alfonso X in ca. 1263-76), printed in Venice by Johannes Lucilius Santritter in 1492: it emerged as Beldelgenze, with n for u, an extraneous l, and, most remarkably, an initial b. The b is likely a misreading as bāʼ of the Arabic letter yāʼ, as the two letters differ only in the number of dots written below them. On the basis of this erroneous name, reproduced in subsequent editions, Joseph Justus scaliger constructed an Arabic form bāṭ al-jawzāʼ, in his transcription betelgevze, with bāṭ translated as Latin axilla "armpit" (in Scaliger's edition of the Astronomicon of Marcus Manilius, Leiden, 1600, p. 482). Ludewig Ideler "corrected" Scaliger's bāṭ to the singular ibṭ "armpit" (in Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen, Berlin, 1809, p. 223), the basis of an etymology that is still commonly cited. Scaliger's Betelgeuze was taken up in Johann Bayer's Uranographia (Ulm, 1603), an influential star atlas that introduced the naming of stars by Greek or Latin letters followed by the Latin genitive of the constellation name. From this beginning forms of the name Betelgeuse circulated into European vernaculars and beyond Europe. For details see Paul Kunitzsch, Arabische Sternnamen in Europa (Wiesbaden, 1959), pp. 150-51.

First Known Use

1752, in the meaning defined above

Kids Definition

Betelgeuse

noun

Be·​tel·​geuse ˈbēt-ᵊl-ˌjüs  ˈbet- 

-ˌjüz,

-ˌjə(r)z

: a red giant star in Orion that changes in brightness