abrupt

adjective

ə-ˈbrəpt 

1

a

: characterized by or involving action or change without preparation or warning : sudden and unexpected

came to an abrupt stop

an abrupt turn

an abrupt decision to retire

b

: rudely or unceremoniously curt

She has an abrupt manner.

an abrupt reply

c

: lacking smoothness or continuity

an abrupt transition

2

: giving the impression of being cut or broken off

especially : involving a sudden steep rise or drop

abrupt hills

a high abrupt bank bounded the stream

abruptness

ə-ˈbrəp(t)-nəs 

noun

Did you know?

We'll break it to you gently: abrupt derives from abruptus, the past participle of the Latin verb abrumpere, meaning "to break off." Abrumpere combines the prefix ab- with rumpere, which means "to break" and which forms the basis for several other words in English that suggest a kind of breaking, such as interrupt, rupture, and bankrupt. Whether being used to describe a style of speaking that seems rudely short (as in "gave an abrupt answer"), something with a severe rise or drop ("abrupt temperature change"), or something that seems rash and unprecipitated ("made the abrupt decision to quit college"), abrupt, which first appeared in English in the 16th century, implies a kind of jarring unexpectedness that catches people off guard.

Synonyms

• bluff
• blunt
• brusque
• brusk
• crusty
• curt
• downright
• short
• short-spoken
• snippy
• unceremonious

Choose the Right Synonym for abrupt

precipitate, headlong, abrupt, impetuous, sudden mean showing undue haste or unexpectedness.

precipitate stresses lack of due deliberation and implies prematureness of action.

the army's precipitate withdrawal

headlong stresses rashness and lack of forethought.

a headlong flight from arrest

abrupt stresses curtness and a lack of warning or ceremony.

an abrupt refusal

impetuous stresses extreme impatience or impulsiveness.

an impetuous lover proposing marriage

sudden stresses unexpectedness and sharpness or violence of action.

flew into a sudden rage

steep, abrupt, precipitous, sheer mean having an incline approaching the perpendicular.

steep implies such sharpness of pitch that ascent or descent is very difficult.

a steep hill

a steep dive

abrupt implies a sharper pitch and a sudden break in the level.

a beach with an abrupt drop-off

precipitous applies to an incline approaching the vertical.

the river winds through a precipitous gorge

sheer suggests an unbroken perpendicular expanse.

sheer cliffs that daunted the climbers

Examples of abrupt in a Sentence

There was an abrupt change in the weather.

The road came to an abrupt end.

The storm caused an abrupt power failure.

She has an abrupt manner.

Recent Examples on the Web

The day before Election Day, however, the Washoe County elections office showed no sign of its challenges, which include a complete staff turnover since 2020, and more recently, the abrupt departure of the interim registrar who said she was forced out by county officials in September. —Trevor Hughes, USA TODAY, 5 Nov. 2024

News of Yellowstone's abrupt conclusion broke in May 2023, after weeks of reports of creative differences between Costner and Sheridan. —Thomas G. Moukawsher, Newsweek, 5 Nov. 2024

This election, because of the assassination attempts, because of Biden’s abrupt departure from the race, because of [the] quick rise of Kamala Harris, there are just so many of these things that usually are not associated with mature democracies. —Tribune News Service, The Mercury News, 1 Nov. 2024

My friends were confused by my abrupt stop and the frightened and befuddled look on my face — except for one, whose eyes were also bulging wide. —Thomas Wheatley, Axios, 31 Oct. 2024

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from Latin abruptus "steep, sheer, broken or cut off too short," from past participle of abrumpere "to break, rupture, break off short," from ab- ab- + rumpere "to cause to break or burst," going back to Indo-European *ru-n-p-, nasal present formation from the base *reu̯p- "break, tear" — more at reave

First Known Use

1576, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

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Kids Definition

abrupt

adjective

ə-ˈbrəpt 

1

a

: sudden sense 1a

an abrupt change in the weather

b

: rudely brief : curt

an abrupt manner

2

: steep entry 1 sense 1

the high abrupt bank of a stream

abruptly

ə-ˈbrup-(t)lē 

adverb

abruptness

ə-ˈbrəp(t)-nəs 

noun

Etymology

from Latin abruptus "abrupt," derived from abrumpere "to break off," from ab- "from" and rumpere "to break" — related to corrupt, interrupt, rupture

Word Origin

If a person is rudely brief in speech or manner or stops you before you finish talking, you could say that that person is abrupt. If a road ends suddenly, you could say that the road comes to an abrupt end. In both of these cases you might think of something that is abrupt as "breaking off." Abrupt comes from the Latin word abruptus, meaning "broken off, ending suddenly." That word is formed (with the addition of the prefix ab-, meaning "from") from the Latin word rumpere, meaning "to break." Latin rumpere has given us several other English words that carry the idea of breaking: interrupt, rupture, and corrupt.